ELECTRONIC MOBILIZATION AND NIGERIA GENERAL ELECTION: A CASE STUDY OF FACEBOOK AND WHATSAPP
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Background of the study
The Nigerian 2015 general elections was a significant departure from the norm in Nigerian political history. It was the first time that a ruling party was voted out of power. It was also the first time that more than three biggest Nigerian opposition parties, and a faction of the fourth came together and successfully formed a single political party (merger) in order to unseat an incumbent government, People͛s DeŵoĐƌatiĐ Paƌty, PDP. The winner of 2015 presidential elections, the All Progressives Congress, APC, was a merger (in February 2013) of the Action Congress of Nigeria (ACN), the Congress for Progressive Change (CPC), the All Nigeria Peoples Party (ANPP) – and a faction of the All Progressives Grand Alliance (APGA). So also the first time a peaceful and mature transition occurred, where an incumbent president accepted defeat and bowed out. While any of the factors listed above, and many more, may claim sole credit for the unique success of the 2015 general elections, the reality is a combination of various factors, one of which is the openness and transparency that digital technology made possible. The social media was used in an unprecedented fashion to publicize, advocate, and post information online as political and electoral events unfold. Both the politicians and the electorate used social media extensively to further their goals. The use of social media for elections is increasing in Nigeria based on the current socio-technological architecture enabling its use for communication processes. Their prominent use is linked to the wave of web innovation and emergence of Web 2.0 applications, which have created new communication opportunities and a dynamic fusion of interpersonal social networking, mass news and information sharing (Matteson, 2013). Web 2.0 technologies have revolutionized information publishing, access and consumption, changing the act of communication, information dissemination and networking, and making computer-mediated communication all pervasive. Social media networks and web applications therefore open new opportunities for the news industry (Alejandro, 2019), and by extension, politicians, publics and media organizations. It is therefore more accurate to say, the tactical strategy from opposition politicians to use all means, including the internet to ensure a defeat of the incumbent administration on the one side, as well as the determination of the electorate to use whatever channel is available including the social media to make sure their votes count in the 2015 general elections was much more pronounced than in any election before it. Therefore, the study investigate E-mobilization and 2015 general election. A case study of Facebook and Whatsapp.
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